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Anti-LGBTIQ+ communication on selected South-East European Facebook pages and groups in 2022
In spite of a plethora of social, political, economic and other issues that the citizens of South-East European countries are facing...

Kremlin media: Lithuania is planning a terrorist act at the Kaliningrad border on May 9th
Every year in Russia, May 9th is celebrated as "Victory Day" with elaborate ceremonies. However, in Kremlin media, it has become a...


Kremlin spent 1.9 billion USD on propaganda last year, the budget exceeded by a quarter
Since the media was compared to a weapon by Russian officials and propagandists on multiple occasions, the increased spending on the...


NGOs recorded cases of potential social media manipulation during municipal election campaign
During the election campaign for municipal councils and mayors, potential attempts to artificially boost the content posted by certain...


Populist politicians provoke vitriol against Ukrainian refugees
Disinformation intended to discredit and undermine support for Ukrainian refugees became more prevalent in mid-2022 as local far-right...


Contrived risk of military escalation pushed by pro-Putin propagandists
The possibility of the war expanding beyond Ukraine’s borders has received modest attention from Kremlin propagandists. This type of...


Rabbit Holes and Echo Chambers: Experimenting with YouTube
Between Summer 2021 and Fall 2022, Debunk.org’s researchers conducted a series of experiments on disinformation and popular social media....


Almost a fifth of pro-Kremlin disinformation targets economic sanctions
Pro-Russian disinformation aimed at undermining support for sanctions mainly consists of claims that they are ineffective, misguided,...


How Kremlin propagandists have used Soviet monument demolitions to spin claims of 'Russophobia'
The condition of Russian speakers or minorities abroad has been a marginal topic outside of the Russian-language disinformation outlets...


Over 1330 Facebook groups and pages spreading disinformation identified in the Balkan region
Groups and pages on social media have been continuously spreading and amplifying misleading content on four different topics – Russia,...


Calls for Unconditional Peace in Ukraine: Should We Trust Them?
Since the beginning of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, propositions and demands for peace have become an integral part of daily...


Over a third of Kremlin war propaganda has centred on battlefield developments
Events on the Russia-Ukraine front line accounted for 36% of all war-related disinformation. A significant portion of the narratives...


Pro-Kremlin disinformation targeting Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania
In Lithuania and the Russian-language segment of Baltic media, anti-sanctions messaging has been particularly strong due to the...


Pro-Kremlin propagandists increase nuclear weapons rhetoric
No single narrative dominated the disinformation landscape in the Baltics this week, with propagandists largely pursuing existing themes....


Pro-Kremlin disinformation focuses on Russia-Ukraine battlefield developments
Kremlin propagandists mainly pursued existing narratives regarding events on the Russia-Ukraine front line, ranging from claims that Ukraine


Pro-Kremlin actors attempt to justify Russia's missile bombardment of populated areas
The October 10th missile attacks across Ukraine were a key feature of disinformation in Latvia and Lithuania, with attempts to justify...


Anti-refugee propagandists target economic concerns and fears of cultural “Ukrainization”
Anti-Ukrainian refugee disinformation mainly targets people’s financial concerns in Latvia and Lithuania, while it focuses more on...

Kremlin propagandists warmly welcome Elon Musk’s ‘peace strategy’ tweets
While disinformation actors predominately focused on front line developments, with well-rehearsed claims that the West is provoking the...


Pro-Kremlin actors accuse the West of 'sabotaging' the Nord Stream gas pipelines
The explosions on the Nord Stream gas pipelines saw Kremlin propagandists seize the opportunity to sow division among Western nations by...


Disinformation actors seek to legitimize Russia’s sham referendums
Recent developments in the Russia-Ukraine war drew the focus of pro-Kremlin voices in Lithuania, with attempts to legitimize Russia’s...
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